循环荷载下含层理页岩渗透特性试验研究     

张闯  任松  吴斐  刘杰  周旭晖 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):649-658

深入理解含层理以及含宏观裂缝页岩在循环荷载扰动下渗透率的演化规律,对于页岩气隧道安全施工而言意义重大。利用GCTS岩石力学测试系统对含轴向层理及轴向宏观裂缝页岩试件在循环轴向应力和循环围压下渗透率的演化规律开展相关试验研究。结果表明：含轴向层理页岩试件渗透率随轴向应力的加载和卸载基本不发生明显改变,而随围压增加以负指数的形式下降,随围压的减小以指数的形式增加;含宏观裂缝页岩试件的渗透率随轴向应力的加、卸载近似以线性形式降低和增加,而随围压的增大以负指数形式下降,随围压的减小以指数形式增加;含轴向裂缝页岩试件的渗透率相较含轴向层理页岩试件而言有大幅提升,其二者比值约为9倍左右;页岩试件对围压的敏感性约为轴向应力的26倍;试件渗透率几乎不随轴向应力循环次数发生明显改变,而随围压循环次数的增加呈负指数式下降,且其降幅主要集中在第1循环阶段内。研究成果可对页岩气隧道的安全施工提供一定的理论支撑。  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔苏云河斑岩型钼矿的剥露和保存条件:来自裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He热年代学的约束     

王雅美  尹继元  袁超  肖文交  陈文  蔡克大  杨雪叶  陶再礼 《岩石学报》2021,37(8):2547-2561

斑岩型矿床多形成于汇聚型板块边界。由于其较浅的就位深度,大部分古老的斑岩型矿床很容易受到后期的剥蚀而消失殆尽。研究斑岩型矿床成矿后的埋藏和去顶过程对于深入理解矿床的保存条件和区域找矿前景至关重要。新疆西准噶尔西部的苏云河斑岩型钼矿床形成于晚石炭世,是一处保存良好的斑岩型矿床,为我们研究前中生代斑岩成矿系统的保存条件提供了天然的实验室。本文首次针对该矿床开展了锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹与锆石(U-Th)/He低温热年代学分析,结合热历史反演模拟以及前人的年代学数据显示,苏云河斑岩钼矿的蚀变过程至少持续了55Myr。在早二叠世到中三叠世,矿区接受5.2～8.1km厚的沉积物覆盖。中三叠世至早白垩世(240～120Ma),矿床经历了快速剥露作用,剥露速率为49.0～56.7m/Myr,去顶量为7.4～9.2km。早白垩世(120Ma)至今为缓慢剥露阶段,剥露速率为6.7～21.7m/Myr,去顶量为0.8～2.6km。中三叠世至早白垩世的快速冷却事件可能并不是特定构造事件(比如:南部羌塘和昆仑-柴达木碰撞或者羌塘和拉萨碰撞)远程效应的产物,而与区域内走滑断层的活化密切相关。而矿床早期沉积的巨厚盖层以及早白垩世以来干旱气候和缓慢剥露,为石炭-二叠纪斑岩型钼矿得以保存提供了条件。  相似文献   

贵州大湾煤矿复杂地层井下定向钻进施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

于成凤  金新  曹建明 《探矿工程》2018,45(3):24-27

针对大湾煤矿地区复杂煤层地质构造,采用前进式开分支孔布孔方法,用于探测煤层顶底板位置,精确探明煤层走向,为抽掘采提供依据,为后续工作做好前期准备。贵州大湾煤矿在历年瓦斯鉴定中均被定为瓦斯矿井,瓦斯孔施工采取普通钻进工艺时,会遇到钻进工作量大、孔深达不到要求、施钻轨迹无法精准控制、钻孔瓦斯浓度抽采率低等问题。采取顺层定向孔方法在已探明的煤层中施工长距离钻孔,可实现对复杂煤层远距离瓦斯抽采。现场试验表明：采用前进式开分支孔工艺,能够实现复杂煤层地质构造精确探顶,探明钻孔见煤段高达75%;通过优化钻孔设计与高精度控制钻孔轨迹大大增加了顺层定向孔在复杂煤层中的覆盖率,钻孔见煤段达63.7%,提高了瓦斯抽采效率,为巷道的抽掘采工作打好了基础。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地中南部麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带变形特征及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘家伟  李海兵  孙知明  裴军令  司家亮  Laurie Barrier  邱祝礼  吴富峣  张丽军 《地质科学》2010,45(4):1038-1056

麻扎塔格地区地层、地貌及构造变形特征的研究,对于认识塔里木盆地新生代构造演化过程、塔里木—西昆仑的盆山耦合关系、新构造运动对塔里木油气资源分布的影响以及塔克拉玛干沙漠的气候、环境变化都具有重要意义。本文通过卫星照片解译、野外变形观察、剖面实测、地球物理资料解释等手段,对该地区晚新生代的构造特征进行了研究,确定了麻扎塔格构造带为典型的逆冲—褶皱带,并探讨了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带的构造指向、活动时限、隆升速率及缩短速率、东西方向的延伸等问题,取得如下认识:1)麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带为西昆仑山前陆褶皱冲断带的前缘部位,和田河气田就是处在逆冲前锋背斜顶部,晚新生代变形作用已明显地改造了塔里木盆地南部及中部的古生代和中生代构造,并促成了和田河气田的形成;2)麻扎塔格山在中新世末(约7 Ma)和中更新世(约780 ka B.P.)经历了两次构造隆升,后一次形成了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带和麻扎塔格山现今的地貌特征;3)估算出麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带中更新世以来的隆升速率约为0.26～0.4 mm/a,缩短速率约为0.9 mm/a;4)认为麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带向西应与同属西昆仑山前褶皱—冲断带前缘的喀什背斜相连,东端的突然消失可能是由于东段和田河附近存在北东—南西向的走滑断层造成。  相似文献   

藏北羌塘中央隆起带果干加年山晚三叠世珊瑚化石发现及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

纪占胜  姚建新  武桂春 《地质学报》2010,84(8):1095-1104

藏北羌塘盆地中央隆起带果干加年山北坡首次发现了较丰富的珊瑚化石。珊瑚主要属种有8属10种及未定种:Distichophyllia norica(Frech),Gablonzeria irregularis DengZhang,Margarophyllia stylophylloides(Vinassa deRegny),M.zogangensisDengZhang,Margarophyllia? sp.,Montlivaltia tenuise DengZhang,Pamiroserisrectilamellosa(Winkler),Paradistichophyllum verticalis DengZhang,Paradistichophyllum?sp.,StylophyllopsismosjvariFrech等。产出这些珊瑚化石的灰岩地层原来被认为是混杂在晚三叠世望湖岭组碎屑岩中的古生代灰岩断块,而新发现的珊瑚指示地层时代并非是古生代,而是晚三叠世。这说明果干加年山地区不存在上三叠统碎屑岩和古生界灰岩混杂的现象。果干加年山地区的晚三叠世沉积不仅包含有望湖岭组的碎屑岩,还包含有夹在碎屑岩之间的浅海相灰岩。本次研究和前人的资料表明羌塘中央隆起带在晚三叠世并非是隆起剥蚀区,而是海洋沉积区。因而,以往建立在中央隆起带为隆起剥蚀区认识基础上的羌塘盆地晚三叠世沉积古地理环境和"一隆两坳"的大地构造格局认识需要重新考虑。  相似文献   

Numerical study on the interaction among a nonlinear wave,composite breakwater and sandy seabed     

Dong-Soo Hur  Chang-Hoon Kim  Jong-Sung Yoon 《Coastal Engineering》2010

Most previous investigations related to composite breakwaters have focused on the wave forces acting on the structure itself from a hydrodynamic aspect. The foundational aspects of a composite breakwater under wave-induced cyclic loading are also important in studying the stability of a composite breakwater. In this study, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the wave-induced pore water pressure and flow changes inside the rubble mound of the composite breakwater and seabed foundation. The validity and applicability of the numerical model were demonstrated by comparing numerical results with existing experimental data. Moreover, the present model clearly has shown that the instantaneous directions of pore water flow motion inside the seabed induced by surface waves are in good agreement with the general wave-induced pore water flow inside the seabed. The model is further used to discuss the stability of a composite breakwater, i.e., the interaction among nonlinear waves, composite breakwater and seabed. Numerical results suggest that the stability of a composite breakwater is affected by not only downward shear flow generating on the seaward slope face of the rubble mound but, also, a high and dense pore water pressure gradient inside the rubble mound and seabed foundation.  相似文献   

Rapid uplift,stepped marine terraces and raised shorelines on the Calabrian coast of Messina Strait,Italy     

B. Dumas  P. Gueremy  R. Lhenaff  J. Raffy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(3):241-256

A series of 26 Quaternary shorelines, stepped between present sea level and 556 m, are studied. They are part of the flight of marine terraces of the Aspromonte region. The shorelines were determined using three geomorphological models: wave-cut platforms and gravel-built terraces associated with their sea-cliff foot, and observations of lateral changes between marine terraces and fluvial terraces. The elevation of the sea-cliff foot is either measured directly, by exposure in cross-section, or by estimation from geomorphological patterns. With caution, we connect the different landmarks of the shorelines which are discontinuous because of destruction between interfluves or because they are overlain by torrential deposits. The results of mapping show that there are few differential movements from one transect to another and mean uplift rate is 98 cm ka^?1. This rate is calculated on the basis of a correlation of the area studied with the Ravagnese Tyrrhenian site, 125 m high, whose date is isotopic substage 5e. Middle and Late Quaternary tectonic activity leads to faulting, slight folding and warping but some scarps associated with faults are actually ancient sea cliffs.  相似文献   

渤海湾西沧县隆起第四纪以来沉积差异性研究          下载免费PDF全文

鲁庆伟  王西玉  贾超  石文学  田麒  王强  胥勤勉 《地质找矿论丛》2020,35(1):95-101

沧县隆起是渤海湾盆地的重要组成部分。通过对沧县隆起上施工的350m深ZKT1钻孔沉积特征、测年(AMS14C和OSL)及磁性地层研究,并与CGZ5、BZ2孔磁性地层及海侵层对比,结果发现:沉积岩层M/G(松山/高斯,Matuyama/Gauss)极性带界线埋深存在较大沉积差异,B/M(布容/松山,Brunhes/Matuyama)极性带界线趋于一致,3期海侵层基本稳定;早更新世沧县隆起不同部位存在沉积差异,继承了古近纪以来的断陷沉积;中更新世-晚更新世沧县隆起准平原化,整体处于同一稳定下沉的沉积演化环境;晚更新世以来,发生三期区域性层位较稳定的海陆交互作用,形成滨海冲积平原。本文可为渤海湾地区新构造活动性研究及区域古地理恢复与地质演化提供参考。  相似文献   

基础提离及桥墩弹塑性对结构地震反应影响的研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴高峰  徐鸿 《地震工程学报》2005,27(1):8-12

浅平基桥墩在承受强震作用时其基础与地基之间会发生提离,地基土会进入塑性状态。同时,当结构遭遇设防烈度地震或罕遇地震时,结构往往处于非线性状态,这都会导致桥梁的严重破坏。本文以兰州小西湖黄河大桥为工程背景,采用场地超越概率为10%人工地震波,研究了在弹塑性Winkler地基上同时考虑桥墩塑性时的结构地震反应。通过非线性时程反应分析得到:考虑地基和桥墩的非线性使得桥墩墩顶的位移增大,墩底弯矩减小,这对保护桥墩是有利的;同时得到,小西湖黄河大桥当遭遇罕遇地震(大震)时桥墩已进入屈服,但其屈服曲率不到破坏曲率的1/2,该桥能够满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的设计目标。  相似文献   

The Cenozoic Lower Rhine Basin – rifting, sedimentation, and cyclic stratigraphy     

A. Schäfer  T. Utescher  M. Klett  M. Valdivia-Manchego 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(4):621-639

In the Cenozoic, the Lower Rhine Basin formed as a rift at the southeastern terminus of the Dutch German Central Graben, while the Rhenish Massif was uplifted. The study focusses on the marginal marine and fluvial fill of the Lower Rhine Basin. A basin model is developed. Support for this study was given by extensive industry outcrop and well data, by new stratigraphical and sedimentological observations. The ingression and subsequent regression of the Cenozoic North Sea is analysed using the concept of base level cyclicity. As the geohistory of the basin was complex, a subsidence curve is constructed. Furthermore, an attempt is made to trace the simultaneous uplift of the Rhenish Massif.  相似文献